What is Food Additive E226 ?
E226, also known as calcium sulphite, is a food additive commonly used in the food industry. As a preservative, it plays a significant role in extending the shelf life of various food products by preventing the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeast.
Chemical Composition and Properties
Calcium sulphite has the chemical formula CaSO₃. It is a calcium salt of sulfurous acid, appearing as a white, unstable powder that reacts with oxygen to form calcium sulphate. Under acidic conditions, it forms sulfurous acid, which has preservative, oxidizing, and bleaching properties, but can also reduce the vitamin content in foods.
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Recommended Daily Intake
Regulatory agencies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have set limits on the amount of sulphites that can be used in food products. The maximum recommended daily intake is 0.7 mg per kg of body weight per day. It is essential for manufacturers to adhere to these guidelines to prevent potential health risks.
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- Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables: Calcium sulphite is often used to prevent spoilage in fresh fruits and vegetables. It inhibits the action of enzymes that cause discoloration, helping to maintain the aesthetic and nutritional quality of the produce.
- Winemaking: In winemaking, calcium sulphite is used to control the growth of unwanted microorganisms and to stabilize the wine. It helps prevent oxidation, ensuring the wine retains its flavor and color.
- Dried Fruits: Dried fruits such as apricots, figs, and raisins are treated with calcium sulphite to maintain their color and extend their shelf life. This additive prevents the growth of mold and yeast.
- Bakery Products: In bakery items, calcium sulphite helps to preserve freshness and prevent spoilage by inhibiting mold growth.
Contraindications and Risks
While calcium sulphite is effective in preserving food, its use is not without concerns. Some individuals may be sensitive to sulphites, experiencing allergic reactions or respiratory issues upon consumption. Symptoms can range from mild (headaches, nausea) to severe (anaphylaxis).
Labels must indicate the presence of sulphites to inform consumers, particularly those who may be sensitive to these compounds.
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Conclusion
E226 is a valuable food additive in the food industry, offering numerous benefits in terms of extending shelf life, maintaining quality, and ensuring food safety. However, its use must be carefully regulated and clearly labeled. As with any food additive, understanding its properties, benefits, and potential drawbacks is essential for both manufacturers and consumers.
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Author – Cosmina Nițu
Master in Nutrition – Infant and new born nutrition
Sources:
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ – European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
InfoCons – European Organization for Consumers Protection and Promotion of Programs and Strategies , a full member of the World Organization Consumers International, founding member of the Federation of Consumer Associations, and member of ANEC.