What is Food Additive E228 ?
E228, also known as potassium hydrogen sulphite or potassium bisulphite, is a chemical compound widely used in the food industry. As a preservative, it plays a crucial role in extending the shelf life of various food products by preventing spoilage and maintaining their quality.
Chemical Properties
Potassium bisulphite, with the chemical formula KHSO3, is a potassium salt of sulphurous acid. It appears as a white crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water. E228 functions primarily as an antioxidant and preservative due to its ability to release sulphur dioxide (SO2), which inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
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Recommended Daily Intake
The use of E228 in food is regulated by various health authorities around the world, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These organizations set acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels and maximum allowable concentrations in different food products to ensure consumer safety.
The maximum recommended daily intake for E228 has been established at 0.7 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
Where is E228 Found ? InfoCons Consumer Protection informs you !
- Wine and Beer Production:
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- Wine: E228 is widely used in the wine industry. It serves multiple purposes, such as preventing oxidation, preserving color, and inhibiting unwanted microbial growth during fermentation. Sulphites like E228 are essential for ensuring the wine’s stability and longevity.
- Beer: Similar to wine, potassium hydrogen sulphite is used in brewing to maintain the beer’s quality by preventing microbial spoilage and oxidation.
- Dried Fruits and Vegetables:
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- E228 is commonly added to dried fruits and vegetables to preserve their color and extend shelf life. Sulphites prevent enzymatic browning and microbial growth, ensuring the products remain visually appealing and safe to consume.
- Fruit Juices and Soft Drinks:
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- In beverages, E228 helps maintain flavor and freshness by preventing oxidation and microbial contamination. It is particularly useful in fruit juices, where it preserves the natural color and taste.
- Bakery Products:
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- In the baking industry, potassium bisulphite is used to condition dough and preserve the freshness of baked goods. It helps maintain texture and extend the shelf life of products such as bread and pastries.
Contraindications and Risks
While E228 is generally recognized as safe when used within recommended limits, some individuals may experience adverse reactions to sulphites. Common symptoms include allergic reactions such as asthma, skin rashes, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Therefore, food products containing sulphites must be labeled appropriately to inform consumers, particularly those who are sensitive to these compounds.
Conclusion
E228 is an essential preservative in the food industry, valued for its antioxidant properties and ability to prevent microbial spoilage. Its widespread use in wine, dried fruits, beverages, and baked goods underscores its importance in food preservation. However, due to potential allergic reactions in some individuals, its usage is strictly regulated, and proper labeling is mandated to ensure consumer safety. As with all food additives, it is crucial to adhere to recommended guidelines to balance the benefits of preservation with health considerations.
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Author – Cosmina Nițu
Master in Nutrition – Infant and new born nutrition
Sources:
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ – European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
InfoCons – European Organization for Consumers Protection and Promotion of Programs and Strategies , a full member of the World Organization Consumers International, founding member of the Federation of Consumer Associations, and member of ANEC.