What is Food Additive E234 ?
E234, known as nisin, is a natural antimicrobial peptide produced by certain strains of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis. As an additive, it plays a crucial role in food preservation, especially in dairy products, processed foods, and canned goods.
E234 is composed of 34 amino acids and has a unique structure that includes several unusual amino acids that contribute to its stability and efficacy. Nisin is effective against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, which are notorious for causing foodborne illnesses. However, it is generally ineffective against gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
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What is the Recommended Daily Dose ?
The safety of nisin (E234) as a food additive has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and a maximum recommended dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight/day has been established.
In Which Products is Additive E234 Found ? InfoCons Consumer Protection Informs You !
The antimicrobial properties of nisin make it an invaluable preservative in the food industry. Its main applications include:
- Dairy Products: E234 is widely used in processed cheese, milk, and fermented dairy products to inhibit spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. It helps extend shelf life and maintain product safety and quality.
- Canned Goods: By preventing the growth of heat-resistant spores, E234 ensures the safety of canned vegetables, meat, and seafood. This is particularly important in reducing the risk of botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum.
- Baked Goods: Nisin is used in baked products to prevent spoilage caused by bacteria, thus prolonging their freshness and shelf life.
- Processed Meats: In processed meats, E234 helps inhibit bacteria, enhancing the safety and longevity of these products.
- Beverages: E234 is also used in certain alcoholic beverages, such as beer, to control lactic acid bacteria that can spoil the product.
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Contraindications and Risks
The safety of additive E234 is attributed to its natural origin, specific action against harmful bacteria, and rapid degradation in the human digestive system. It does not accumulate in the body and is non-toxic at the levels used in food preservation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, E234 is a natural food additive that offers significant benefits in ensuring the safety and longevity of various food products. Its approval by food safety authorities underscores its importance and reliability in the food industry. As research progresses and consumer preferences shift towards natural additives, the role of nisin is expected to expand, solidifying its position as a key player in food preservation.
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Author – Cosmina Nițu
Master in Nutrition – Infant and new born nutrition
Sources:
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ – European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
InfoCons – European Organization for Consumers Protection and Promotion of Programs and Strategies , a full member of the World Organization Consumers International, founding member of the Federation of Consumer Associations, and member of ANEC.