When we enjoy vacations or leisure time at the pool or sea, we rarely think about the health risks to our skin. However, there are certain skin diseases that can be contracted from sea or pool water, and prevention is key to avoiding such unpleasant issues.
Main skin diseases transmitted through water:
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis can occur when the skin comes into contact with irritants or allergens in water. In pools, for example, chlorine can be an irritant for some people, causing redness, itching, or even rashes.
Impetigo
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that can be transmitted through contaminated water. It usually presents as red sores that turn into blisters with pus, and is more common among children.
Fungal infections
Fungi that cause skin infections, such as athlete’s foot or jock itch, can be transmitted through direct contact with soil or contaminated water, such as in public pools or locker rooms.
Pseudomonas folliculitis
Also known as “hot tub folliculitis,” pseudomonas folliculitis is a bacterial infection of the hair follicles. It can occur when Pseudomonas bacteria grow in inadequately chlorinated or clean water, causing itching and skin rashes.
Cercarial dermatitis
This skin disease is caused by penetration of flatworm larvae (cercariae) into the skin during swimming in contaminated freshwaters, such as lakes or rivers.
How to prevent skin diseases while swimming:
Showering before and after swimming: Washing with water and soap before entering the pool or sea can help remove bacteria and other pathogens from the skin.
Using protective equipment: Wear pool slippers or sandals in public places to prevent fungal infections.
Maintaining hygiene: After swimming, it’s important to dry thoroughly and change into dry clothes to prevent fungal or bacterial infections.
Avoiding contaminated water: Try to avoid swimming in waters that appear dirty or poorly maintained.
In conclusion, although swimming is a pleasant and relaxing activity, it’s essential to be aware of potential health risks to the skin. Following hygiene measures and safety rules in pools and beaches can significantly contribute to maintaining skin health during the swimming season.
How can we protect ourselves from these diseases?
Protecting the skin against waterborne diseases, as mentioned in the previous article, is crucial to avoid discomfort and complications. Here are some effective measures to protect yourself:
Strict personal hygiene:
Shower before and after swimming: Before entering the pool or sea, take a shower to remove dirt, sweat, and other contaminants from the skin. This helps reduce the load of bacteria or pathogens that could be introduced into the water.
Proper skin drying: After leaving the water, dry yourself thoroughly with a clean towel. Excessive moisture and keeping the skin dry can prevent the proliferation of bacteria and fungi that thrive in humid environments.
Using protective equipment:
Pool sandals or slippers: In public areas like pools, wearing pool sandals or slippers can reduce the risk of contracting fungal infections such as athlete’s foot. They provide a barrier between the skin of the feet and potentially contaminated ground.
Adherence to hygiene and cleanliness rules:
Pools and sanitary facilities: Ensure that public pools are properly maintained with adequate levels of chlorine or other disinfectants. Poorly maintained pools or those with inadequate disinfectant levels can be breeding grounds for bacteria and other microorganisms.
Avoiding stagnant or contaminated water: Try to avoid swimming in lakes or rivers with stagnant water, which may be contaminated with bacteria or parasites that can cause skin diseases such as cercarial dermatitis.
Protection against excessive sun exposure:
Use sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF to protect the skin from sunburn and other damage. Sunburned skin may be more vulnerable to infections and irritations.
Monitoring skin condition:
Signs of infection: Be alert to any changes in the appearance of the skin after spending time in water. Signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, itching, or discharge, should be evaluated by a doctor.
Consultation with a specialist:
In case of need: If you have persistent skin problems or are concerned about symptoms that occur after swimming, consult a dermatologist or doctor for evaluation and proper treatment.
Following these simple measures can significantly contribute to maintaining skin health and avoiding waterborne diseases during swimming and recreational activities. Prevention is always easier and more effective than treatment, so make sure to take a proactive approach to protect your skin in all circumstances.
How are these diseases treated?
Treatment for waterborne skin diseases may vary depending on the specific type of infection. It’s important to consult a doctor for accurate evaluation and to receive an appropriate treatment plan. Here’s how the main skin diseases mentioned can be treated:
Contact dermatitis
Avoid irritants: If contact dermatitis is caused by chemicals in water, such as chlorine in pools, avoid exposure to these substances.
Creams and lotions: Emollient creams can be used to soothe irritated skin and maintain hydration.
Anti-inflammatory medications: In some cases, topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching.
Impetigo
Antibiotics: Impetigo is usually treated with topical antibiotics (creams or ointments) or, in more severe cases, with oral antibiotics.
Cleaning the lesions: Keeping the lesions clean and dry is important for healing.
Fungal infections
Topical antifungals: Most fungal skin infections, such as athlete’s foot or jock itch, can be successfully treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams or ointments.
Strict hygiene: Keeping the skin clean and dry can help prevent the spread and recurrence of infection.
Pseudomonas folliculitis
Antibiotics: For pseudomonas folliculitis, the doctor may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics, depending on the severity of the infection.
Avoiding contaminated pools: Preventing recurrence involves avoiding pools or hot tubs that are inadequately chlorinated or clean.
Cercarial dermatitis
Antihistamines: These may be recommended to reduce itching and discomfort associated with cercarial dermatitis.
Corticosteroids: In severe cases, the doctor may prescribe topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
General measures for treatment and prevention:
Hydration: Keeping the skin hydrated can help heal lesions more quickly and prevent secondary infections.
Avoid self-treatment: It’s important to avoid self-medication and always consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
In conclusion, to effectively treat waterborne skin diseases, it’s essential to have a precise diagnosis and follow your doctor’s recommendations. Treatment may involve using topical or oral medications, rigorous hygiene measures, and, in some cases, avoiding exposure to factors that initially caused the infection. Following these guidelines will contribute to the rapid and efficient healing of skin issues and prevent recurrences.
Source: WHO