What is Food Additive E 270 ?
E270 is a food additive categorized as a natural preservative, obtained from starch and molasses through bacterial fermentation. Lactic acid is a natural organic acid widely used in the food industry. It is produced by fermenting carbohydrates with bacteria, predominantly from the Lactobacillus and Streptococcus genera.
E270 can also be synthesized chemically, although lactic acid derived from fermentation is more common in food applications due to its natural origins and consumer preference for natural ingredients.
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What is the Recommended Daily Dose ?
Lactic acid is generally recognized as safe by regulatory authorities such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). It is well-tolerated by the human body and is a natural component of human metabolism, produced in muscles during intense activity.
The acceptable daily intake is not limited and does not produce side effects at the doses used in food.
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Lactic acid naturally occurs in various foods, including fermented dairy products like yogurt and cheese, as well as in bread, sauerkraut, and kimchi. Industrial production of lactic acid involves fermenting carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose. This process not only produces lactic acid but also creates by-products that can be used in animal feed or processed into other valuable compounds.
Uses in the Food Industry
- Preservative: E270 inhibits the growth of spoilage microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria, extending the shelf life of foods. It is particularly effective in dairy products, meat, and pickled vegetables.
- Flavoring Agent: Lactic acid imparts a mild tangy taste, enhancing the flavor profile of foods such as salad dressings, beverages, and confectionery products.
- pH Regulator: By adjusting the acidity of food products, lactic acid helps maintain stability and optimize texture, especially in processed cheeses and baked goods.
- Antimicrobial Agent: Lactic acid is used in meat processing to reduce microbial contamination, ensuring food safety and quality.
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Contraindications and Risks
For most people, E270 lactic acid does not pose health risks. However, individuals with certain metabolic conditions, such as lactic acidosis, should monitor their intake of foods containing lactic acid. Additionally, those with dairy allergies should be cautious, as lactic acid in some products may be derived from lactose.
E270 is a vital food additive with multiple applications that enhance food safety, flavor, and shelf life. Its natural origins and compatibility with a wide range of food products make it a valuable tool in modern food processing.
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Author – Cosmina Nițu
Master in Nutrition – Infant and new born nutrition
Sources:
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ – European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
InfoCons – European Organization for Consumers Protection and Promotion of Programs and Strategies , a full member of the World Organization Consumers International, founding member of the Federation of Consumer Associations, and member of ANEC.