What is Food Additive E 280 ?
E280, also known as propionic acid, is a natural carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₃H₆O₂. It is widely used in the food industry as a preservative due to its effective antimicrobial properties. It is used against yeasts and fungi, as well as against degradations caused by some microorganisms.
Propionic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Due to its strong smell, it is used in a limited range of products (prepackaged sliced bread and rye bread). It is soluble in water and can mix with many organic solvents.
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What is the Recommended Daily Dose ?
The safety of food additive E280 has been extensively studied. Regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have approved its use.
The acceptable daily intake is not limited. Generally, when used within prescribed limits, E280 is considered safe for consumption.
However, it is important to note that excessive ingestion of propionic acid can lead to health problems. Therefore, adherence to regulatory guidelines is crucial for manufacturers.
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The primary use of E280 is as a preservative in food products. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective against molds and some bacteria, thus extending the shelf life of perishable goods.
Key applications include:
- Bread and Bakery Products: Propionic acid prevents mold growth in bread, cakes, and other baked goods, helping them stay fresh longer.
- Cheese: E280 is used in cheese production to inhibit mold and bacterial growth, ensuring the product remains safe for consumption.
- Animal Feed: E280 is also added to animal feed to prevent microbial contamination, promoting the health and productivity of animals.
- Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals: Beyond the food industry, propionic acid is used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.
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Contraindications and Risks
Due to its effective antimicrobial action, E280 efficiently inhibits a wide range of microorganisms, especially molds, which are common spoilage agents in foods. Being a naturally occurring additive in some foods, it is considered safer and more acceptable compared to synthetic preservatives. It does not produce side effects at the amounts used in foods.
E280, or propionic acid, plays a vital role in maintaining the freshness and safety of various food products. Its quality as a natural additive, combined with its effective antimicrobial properties, makes it a preferred choice among preservatives.
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Author – Cosmina Nițu
Master in Nutrition – Infant and new born nutrition
Sources:
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/ – European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
InfoCons – European Organization for Consumers Protection and Promotion of Programs and Strategies , a full member of the World Organization Consumers International, founding member of the Federation of Consumer Associations, and member of ANEC.